Picture this: You’re sipping your morning coffee while admiring the first blossoms of the flowers you’ve planted. You pluck a ripe tomato, still warm from the sun, enjoying the unparalleled taste of your own homegrown produce. It’s not a dream – it’s entirely achievable, even if you’ve never touched a spade before.
Backyard gardening isn’t just a hobby; it’s a journey into nature, an art form, and a therapeutic escape from our fast-paced lives. More than that, cultivating a garden can increase your property’s value, improve air quality, and provide a bountiful harvest of fresh produce. But if you’re new to this green world, the vast amount of information out there might feel overwhelming.
We’re breaking down beginner backyard gardening into simple, actionable steps, so grab your gardening gloves and come along as we unravel the mysteries of soil, sunlight, and seeds.
Getting Started
Beginner backyard gardening is all about location, location, location! Before you get to work on your backyard oasis, you’ll need to think about how much space you have, the sun requirements for your garden, and know a little bit about your growing zone and its climate.
Choosing a Location
When starting your backyard garden, the first step is to choose the right location. You’ll want to look for a spot with easy access to water and away from obstacles such as large trees or buildings. It’s also important to consider the slope and drainage of your location, as plants need well-drained soil to grow properly.
Space and Sun Requirements
Next, think about the space and sun requirements of the garden. Here are some general guidelines to help you plan:
- A small garden of 100 square feet (10′ x 10′) is a manageable size for beginners.
- If planting in a raised bed, a 4′ x 4′ or 4′ x 8′ size is a good beginner option.
- Most vegetables require full sun, meaning at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Some plants, like lettuce and spinach, can grow in partial shade with 4 to 6 hours of sunlight per day.
Understanding Your Climate and Growing Zone
To ensure success in your garden, it’s essential to understand your local climate and growing zone. Your gardening zone determines which plants will grow best in your area, as well as when to plant them.
- Locate your USDA Plant Hardiness Zone using a zone map.
- Research the average frost dates for your area, as this will help you plan when to start seeds and when to transplant seedlings outdoors.
- Select plants suited for your climate and zone. Certain plants may have specific temperature, humidity, and precipitation requirements, so it’s crucial to choose plants that will thrive in your specific environment.
A simple way to do this is by using an application like Seedtime, which will calculate all of your planting and seed starting dates for you!
Types of Gardens
When it comes to backyard gardening, you’ll soon discover that not all gardens are created equal. Depending on your space, needs, and preferences, there are several types to choose from. Let’s take a look at the various kinds of backyard gardens so you can find the perfect fit for you.
Raised Garden Beds
Raised garden beds are a great option for beginners as well as experienced gardeners. These beds allow you to control the soil quality and provide excellent drainage, making it easier for your plants to grow. A good beginner size for raised beds is 4′ x 4′ or 4′ x 8′ 1. To start, you’ll need:
- A frame made of wood, plastic, or metal
- Soil mix for filling the bed
- Gardening tools, such as a trowel and gloves
- Seeds or plants for planting
Consider adding a layer of mulch on top of the soil to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Container Gardening
Container gardening is perfect if you have limited space or want to grow plants on your balcony or patio. You can use various containers, including pots, planters, and window boxes. When choosing the container, consider:
- Container Size: The size of your container plays a pivotal role in the well-being of your plants. As a general rule, the container should be large enough to accommodate the plant’s growth. Think about the mature size of the plant when choosing a container. For small plants or herbs, pots with a diameter of 6 to 12 inches often suffice. However, for larger vegetables or shrubs, you might need containers that are 18 to 24 inches in diameter or even larger. Always remember, it’s better to have a pot that’s a bit too large than one that’s too small.
- Drainage: One of the most crucial aspects of container gardening is ensuring your containers have proper drainage. Without it, water can accumulate at the bottom of the pot, leading to root rot and other detrimental conditions for your plants. When selecting a container, make sure it has one or several drainage holes at the bottom. If you fall in love with a pot that doesn’t have holes, you can drill some yourself or place a smaller pot with drainage holes inside the decorative one. Additionally, placing a layer of coarse gravel or broken pottery shards at the bottom can help facilitate drainage.
- Container Material: Containers come in an array of materials, each with its pros and cons:
- Terracotta and Clay: These are classic choices and are porous, which means they allow for better airflow to plant roots but can dry out faster. They’re also heavier and can be prone to cracking in cold temperatures.
- Plastic and Resin: Lightweight and often more affordable, these containers retain moisture well but may not provide the same breathability as porous materials. However, they are less prone to breaking and come in a vast array of designs and colors.
- Wood: Wooden containers can be an aesthetic choice for rustic or natural garden designs. Ensure the wood is untreated or treated with non-toxic sealants to avoid harmful chemicals leaching into the soil.
- Metal: Metal containers can be chic and stylish. However, they can heat up quickly in the sun, potentially damaging plant roots. If you choose metal, consider placing plants that are more heat-tolerant in them or placing them in shaded areas.
- Concrete and Stone: These are durable and heavy, making them great for larger plants or areas with strong winds. They’re less likely to tip over, but they can be challenging to move.
We recommend starting your container garden with easy-to-grow plants, such as tomatoes, peppers, or herbs like basil and parsley.
Vegetable Gardens
A vegetable garden is a rewarding way to grow fresh, healthy produce for you and your family. Beginners should start with a manageable garden size of around 10′ x 10′ 2.
Your garden can consist of several raised beds, an in-ground plot, or a series of no-till beds, but be sure to start small. Starting with a garden that’s too big for you to manage can be overwhelming…and you can always add more next year.
We suggest you select 3 to 5 of your favorite vegetables and buy a few starts of each. Some of our favorite beginner-friendly vegetables are:
- Tomatoes
- Bell peppers
- Zucchini
- Lettuce
- Carrots
When planning your garden layout, keep in mind the space required for each plant and its sunlight needs. You can find all of this information on the tag that came with your plant or on the seed packet if you’re starting from seed.
Herb Gardens
Herb gardens are an excellent addition to your outdoor space, providing fragrant and flavorful herbs for your kitchen. Herbs are generally easy to grow and can be placed in the ground, in raised beds, or in containers. Some of our favorite herbs to grow include:
- Basil
- Rosemary
- Thyme
- Mint
- Parsley
Plant your herbs in well-draining soil and give them plenty of sunlight (at least 6 hours per day) for optimal growth. We also recommend planting mint in a container and NOT in the ground. It is a vigorous plant that will quickly take over your entire garden.
Flower Gardens
Flower gardens add beauty and color to your outdoor space, and they can also attract beneficial insects and pollinators. When planning your flower garden, there are a few things you should consider:
- Color scheme: Choose a palette that complements your home and surrounding landscape, or if you’re a free spirit, go wild with color!
- Bloom time: Select plants with varying bloom times so you can enjoy continuous color throughout the season. Pick a few that bloom in the spring like daffodils and tulips, some that bloom in the summer, like zinnias, petunias, marigolds, and vinca, and some that bloom in the fall, like chrysanthemums and pansies.
- Maintenance: Pick low-maintenance plants if you’re a beginner or have limited time for gardening. All of the plants mentioned above are low maintenance, beginner-friendly, and will grow in most conditions.
Selecting Plants
When starting your backyard garden, it’s essential to choose the right plants. You want to select plants that will thrive in your space and match your gardening skill level. In this section, we’ll break down the best vegetables, herbs, and flowers for beginners.
Best Vegetables for Beginners
As a beginner, it’s a good idea to start with vegetables that are easy to grow and maintain. Here are some of our top picks:
- Tomatoes: These are a popular choice for home gardens, offering many varieties to suit your taste and space. Cherry tomatoes are particularly beginner-friendly.
- Lettuce: Quick to grow and perfect for salads, lettuce is a great choice for small gardens or even containers.
- Cucumbers: These versatile vegetables are easy to grow, either in a garden bed or on a trellis for vertical growth.
- Peppers: Both sweet and hot varieties are simple to grow, providing colorful and flavorful additions to your meals.
- Radishes: With a fast growth rate, radishes are perfect for first-time gardeners looking for quick results.
Other beginner-friendly vegetables include kale, green beans, beets, and bush or pole beans. Most of these plants can be grown from seeds, making them cost-effective choices for your home garden.
Choosing Herbs and Flowers
In addition to vegetables, herbs, and flowers can make your garden more vibrant and inviting. Here are some recommendations:
Herbs
- Basil: This versatile herb is great for pesto, salads, and seasoning. Plant it near your tomatoes to improve their flavor and keep pests away.
- Parsley: As a biennial, parsley grows easily and requires minimal maintenance. It’s perfect for garnishing and seasoning a variety of dishes.
- Mint: With its refreshing flavor, mint is perfect for teas, desserts, and even savory dishes. Keep it in a container, as it can spread aggressively if left unchecked.
Flowers
- Marigolds: These bright, colorful flowers are not only beautiful but also helpful in deterring pests. They’re a great addition to any vegetable garden.
- Coreopsis: Offering a variety of colors and a long blooming season, coreopsis is perfect for those looking to add a splash of color to their garden. They’re also low-maintenance and respond well to deadheading.
- French Marigolds: As good companion plants, these flowers can help protect your veggies from unwanted pests and brighten up your garden space.
When choosing plants for your garden, consider a mix of annuals and perennials, but keep in mind the size of your garden, whether in-ground or in raised beds
Preparing the Soil
Understanding Soil Types
Before starting your backyard garden, it’s essential to understand the type of soil you have. Soil types can vary, including clay, sandy, and loamy soils. Each soil type has different properties that can impact water retention, drainage, and nutrients. To determine your soil type, you can perform a simple jar test by filling a jar with equal parts soil and water, then shaking it well and allowing the contents to settle. Observe the resulting layers, which will help you identify your soil composition. This YouTube video will get you started
Amending the Soil
Once you’ve identified your soil type, it’s time to prepare it for planting. Amending the soil involves adding organic matter, such as compost, aged manure, or leaf mold, to improve soil structure and nutrient retention. The easiest way to get the organic matter down worked in down to the root level is to use a garden fork to mix the material into the top 4 to 5 inches of soil. In vegetable gardens, you can amend your soil each seasonbut Perennial gardens should be amended prior to planting, so you won’t disturb the plant’s roots.
Drainage
Proper drainage is crucial for healthy plant growth. If your soil is heavy in clay, it may retain too much water and cause root rot. On the other hand, sandy soils may drain too quickly, leaving plants thirsty. To improve drainage in clay soils, try adding coarse sand or gravel to the soil. For sandy soils, incorporation of organic matter will help retain moisture. Double digging is another technique for improving drainage and aeration, particularly in poor soil. This involves excavating a trench, loosening the subsoil, and incorporating organic matter into both layers. If that’s over your head, try using a raised bed garden instead.
Mulch
Applying a layer of mulch to your garden beds can provide numerous benefits. Mulch helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. It can also slowly break down over time and add nutrients to your soil. Mulch options include wood chips, straw, grass clippings, and shredded leaves. Choose a mulch type that best suits your garden’s needs, and apply a 2- to 3-inch layer over the soil.
Preparing for Transplants
When transplanting seedlings or plants into your prepared garden bed, make sure to give them the proper sunlight and nutrients they need to thrive. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball, and gently remove the plant from its container, taking care not to damage the roots. Loosen any root-bound roots with your fingers or a fork, and place the plant in the hole, filling in the soil until the base of the stem is level with the surrounding soil. Water thoroughly to settle the plant into its new home.
Remember to regularly monitor your garden for signs of pests, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies, and take action as needed to keep your plants healthy and productive.
Planting and Growing
Starting Seeds or Transplants
To start your backyard garden journey, you’ll need to decide whether to start with seeds or transplants. Seeds can be more cost-effective and allow you to select from a wider variety of plants and vegetables, While transplants are easier to plant and have a head start in growth. Make sure to check seed packets or plant tags for information on the optimal time and gardening zone for planting.
Watering and Nutrients
Providing consistent water to your plants is crucial, particularly when they’re young and establishing roots. You may need a watering can or a garden hose, depending on your garden size. Ensure your plants are well-nourished by using nutrient-rich soil and adding compost or manganese if needed.
Pest Management
Pests can damage your garden and hinder its growth. Regularly check your plants for signs of pests and diseases.
You can maintain a healthy garden by:
- Using disease-resistant varieties
- Removing diseased plants
- Cleaning tools after each use
Utilize natural pest control methods, like introducing beneficial insects such as ladybugs or praying mantises.
Companion Planting
Companion planting means strategically pairing plants together to improve growth, manage pests, or enhance pollination. Create a diverse vegetable garden with different types of plants to attract pollinators and crowd out weeds. Be mindful of the plants you choose, as some may not be ideal companions.
Some popular plant pairings include:
- Tomatoes and basil
- Lettuce and beans
- Carrots and onion
Include flowering plants like marigolds or nasturtiums to enhance the visual appeal of your garden and attract pollinators.
Weeding and Preventing Issues
Weeds can compete with your garden plants for important resources like water, sunlight, and nutrients. Dedicate time to weed your garden regularly, reducing the likelihood of issues down the road. To prevent issues from arising, consider using a raised garden bed or container gardening, which generally results in fewer weeds.
Tools and Equipment
Basic Gardening Tools
As a beginner gardener, there are a few essential tools you’ll need to start your backyard garden. Here are some must-have items:
- Garden gloves: Protect your hands from dirt, thorns, and blisters while you work.
- Hand trowel: Great for digging small holes, transplanting seedlings, and weeding.
- Digging fork: Useful for turning and aerating soil, as well as breaking up hard ground.
- Spade: A versatile tool for digging larger holes, edging beds, and moving soil.
- Rake: Helps clear leaves, debris, and level soil.
- Loppers: For cutting thick branches and maintaining taller plants.
These favorite tools recommended by expert gardeners will help you get started with basic landscaping and gardening tasks.
Watering Equipment
Proper watering is crucial for keeping your garden plants healthy. Equip yourself with the right tools to ensure efficient and consistent hydration:
- Watering can: Ideal for indoor or small outdoor gardens, and great for targeting specific plants.
- Garden hose: A necessity for larger outdoor spaces, with adjustable nozzles for varying water pressures.
- Watering wand: Attaches to your garden hose and helps spray deep beds and tall plants
- Soaker hose: A soaker hose delivers water directly to the root of the plant without getting the foliage wet.
- Sprinkler system: For large gardens or lawns, an irrigation system automates watering and can save time and effort.
Pest Control Products
A healthy garden may attract unwanted pests. Here are some products to help manage them:
- Insecticidal soap: A safe and effective solution for treating soft-bodied insects like aphids and spider mites.
- Neem oil: A natural pesticide that helps control various insects, fungi, and diseases.
- Diatomaceous earth: A non-toxic powder that can be sprinkled around plants to deter crawling insects.
- Traps: Sticky traps or pheromone traps can help monitor and control insect populations.
By investing in these essential gardening supplies, you can ensure your backyard garden thrives and stays healthy throughout the seasons.
Harvesting and Maintaining
Knowing When to Harvest
Knowing when to harvest your crops is essential in a successful backyard garden. For vegetables, the harvest time depends on the specific plant. For example, lettuce can be harvested when leaves are tender, while root vegetables like carrots should be harvested when they reach their ideal size. Keep an eye on your plants, and remember to consult the specific care instructions for each type of vegetable.
Similarly, flowers and herbs have varying harvest times. Generally, herbs can be snipped when they have plenty of foliage, and flowers should be picked when they are in full bloom.
Preserving Your Crops
Preserving your harvest ensures that you can enjoy your garden’s bounty for weeks or even months. Here are a few methods you can use to preserve your crops:
- Freezing: Suitable for most vegetables, freezing helps to retain nutrients and can prolong their freshness. Blanch the vegetables first, then store them in freezer-safe bags or containers.
- Drying: Ideal for herbs, pat them dry and hang them to air dry. Once completely dry, store them in airtight containers.
- Canning: Both vegetables and fruits can be canned. Follow proper canning procedures and only use high-quality jars to ensure food safety.
Annual and Perennial Maintenance
To keep your raised garden bed or flower garden healthy, it’s essential to maintain annuals and perennials. Here are some essential tips for both:
Annuals:
- Regularly water and fertilize your plants. Use a watering can for even distribution.
- Deadhead flowers to promote new blooms.
- Remove any dead or diseased plants to prevent the spread of illness.
Perennials:
- Apply a slow-release fertilizer at the beginning and end of the growing season.
- Prune back dead or damaged stems in early spring or late fall.
- Divide perennials every three to four years to encourage growth and prevent overcrowding.
Remember, brief maintenance in your backyard garden will help ensure a bountiful harvest and thriving plants.
Avoiding Common Mistakes
When starting your backyard gardening journey, it’s essential to learn from others’ experiences and avoid making common mistakes. In this section, we’ll go over some tips that will help you navigate these pitfalls.
One mistake many beginners make is spending too much money on gardening tools, clothes, plants, and subscriptions right from the start. Remember that you don’t need fancy equipment to have a successful garden; instead, focus on acquiring the basics and prioritize making your garden functional and efficient.
Another issue to watch out for is watering your plants incorrectly. Be mindful of the water pressure when using a hose, as high pressure can damage leaves, dislodge soil, and harm plants. Ensuring that you water at a low pressure will help you avoid many issues.
A common mistake is planting too soon or too late. Be aware of the recommended planting times for your specific plants, as well as the expected frost dates in your region. This knowledge will help you prevent setbacks like frost damage or inadequate growth.
Don’t forget about planning! A good garden plan takes into account factors like crop rotation, available space, and the proper selection of easy-to-grow crops. Seedtime is a great free tool that can help you plan your garden and avoid the mistake of starting too big, and instead focus on cultivating a manageable garden that produces a reliable harvest.
In summary, understanding and avoiding these common gardening mistakes will put you on the path to a fruitful backyard garden. Keep educating yourself and learning from your experiences, and your green thumb will become stronger with each season.
Additional Tips for Beginners
As a new gardener, it’s important to start small and learn the gardening basics. Here are some additional tips to help you create a successful vegetable garden in your backyard.
Know Your Growing Zone
Before you begin planting, be aware of your growing zone. This will help you understand the best times to plant and harvest your vegetables. Also, make sure to check frost dates for your area, as these dates will affect when you can plant certain vegetables.
Selecting the Right Vegetables
Choose vegetables that are suitable for your growing zone, as well as plants that are easy for beginners. Tomato plants are a popular choice for many home gardens. If you’re unsure of what to plant, start with a few of your favorites and experiment from there.
Avoid Planting Too Much
As a new gardener, it’s tempting to plant a variety of vegetables in your garden. However, planting too much can become overwhelming and lead to unnecessary stress. Begin with a manageable-sized garden, such as 10′ x 10′ for in-ground planting or using a 4′ x 4′ or 4′ x 8′ raised bed.
Pay Attention to Sunlight
When selecting a location for your vegetable garden, be sure it has at least six hours of sunlight per day, as most vegetables require adequate sun exposure to thrive. Some vegetables, like lettuce and spinach, can tolerate partial shade, but others, like tomatoes and peppers, need as much light as possible.
Final Thoughts
Embarking on your journey as a beginner backyard gardener can be an incredibly rewarding experience. By following the easy steps outlined in this guide, you’ve taken the first important strides toward creating a flourishing oasis right in your own backyard.
Remember, gardening is a journey of patience and learning, so don’t be discouraged by any initial setbacks. With dedication, care, and a bit of trial and error, you’ll watch your garden transform into a vibrant and bountiful haven that brings joy and nourishment to your life. Happy gardening!
